Antibiotic Resistance in the Farming Environment
Ewa Karwowska
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is now an extremely important safety and health issue. Much of the research on this phenomenon focuses on its clinical aspects, while current findings confirm that it is only one of a number of potential sources of bacteria and genes responsible for drug resistance. There are many indications that one of the main contributors to this issue is currently agriculture and that this applies virtually worldwide. Increased awareness of issues of rational use of antibiotics in husbandry practice entails increased interest in phenomena related to the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment, their specifics, and the scale of the existing threat. This work, based on current research, analyzed selected aspects of the use of antibiotics in animal production, the presence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in farm animals and in waste from agricultural production, in particular from animal breeding farms, the determinants of antibiotic resistance in farming practices and the potential threats related to emissions and spread of antibiotic resistance factors in the environment, including the possibility of transfer of resistant bacteria and resistance genes to humans.